Jean-François Lyotard or bell hooks, say (13)

Jean-François

In Jean-François Lyotard's philosophy, he argues that modern society is characterized by a "serious illness" that is unable to be cured, leading to a crisis of faith. This concept is often referred to as the "postmodern condition," where traditional notions of knowledge, truth, and reality are challenged.The term "serious illness" was coined by French sociologist, Jacques Derrida, in his book "The Margins of Philosophy." Derrida used the phrase to describe the way in which language is limited by its own structure and cannot fully capture the complexity of human experience.Lyotard's concept of the "postmodern condition" has had a significant impact on modern thought, influencing fields such as sociology, philosophy, and cultural studies.

Bell Curve

The bell curve is a graphical representation of the normal distribution of data, where most values fall within a certain range and fewer values are above or below the mean. This concept is rooted in the work of American statistician, Charles Spearman, who published the "law of averages" in 1935.Spearman's law of averages states that the average of a set of values will be equal to the midpoint of the range of values. This concept has been widely used in fields such as psychology, economics, and education.The bell curve has had a significant impact on modern statistics and research methods.

Hooks

The term "hooks" is often associated with feminist and postcolonial literature, where it refers to the act of connecting or linking different ideas, perspectives, and voices. This concept has been used by many authors, including Julia Kristeva and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak.Kristeva's concept of "hooks" refers to the way in which language and culture are used to create and reinforce social power structures. Spivak's work on "counter-discourse" uses the term to describe the act of challenging dominant narratives and creating new ones.The term "hooks" has become a widely used term in academic and creative fields.

Say

The concept of "say" in the context of economics refers to the idea that the price of a good or service is determined by the amount of "say" or demand it receives. This concept is rooted in the work of James Macpherson, who published "The American System" in 1809.Macpherson's work on the "American System" described how the price of goods is determined by the amount of demand they receive, as well as the costs of production and the social and environmental factors that influence consumer behavior.The concept of "say" has had a significant impact on modern economic theory.